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Noun and Pronoun

Noun & Pronoun

Noun is one of the 8 kinds of Parts of Speech and Pronoun is the word which is used instead of a Noun. A Pronoun is the substituting word to a Noun.

Though Verb is called the soul of a sentence, Noun is the main component or element or the main factor of a sentence. In a simple sentence or in a clause Verb is always single but Noun and Pronoun are used in plenty.
In that respect I like to cite a simile. Let us suppose a garland. A single string wreathes together a good number of flowers to present a beautiful garland. Similarly, a single Verb wreathes together a large number of Nouns and Pronouns to form a unique Sentence.
Noun is defined as a naming word. Or, ?A Noun is the name of any thing?. Or, ?Noun indicates the name of a person, place, thing, etc.
But I think no such definition of Noun is perfect to make one understand a Noun clearly and properly because all the naming words are not Noun.
In the sentence ?Bangladesh team won the match?, the word ?team? is the subject and Noun. The word ?Bangladesh? being accompanied with the Subject ?team?(N), just qualifies the subject ?team?.
So ?Bangladesh? is nothing but a qualifying word and it?s an Adjective. In no way ?Bangladesh? in this sentence can be treated as a Noun though we still know that it is a naming word, a name of a state.
To know what is Noun, we have to know the roles of a Noun in a sentence. Not only for a Noun but also for all Parts of Speech, we have to analyze their roles or functions in a sentence.
In a Sentence, there are 4 functions of a Noun, viz.-
Subject of a Verb
Object of a Verb
Object of a Preposition and
Noun in Apposition or Appositive
When a Word or a Phrase (a Group of words) performs one of the above 4 functions must be either a Noun or a Pronoun. Except Noun and Pronoun, no other Part of Speech can perform those functions. Note that a Pronoun cannot be used as a ?Noun in Apposition?.

  Mr. Albert, Principal, gave Sujan a pen at college.
Here, the word ?gave? is the verb and ?Mr. Albert? is the Subject and so it is a Noun.
The word ?Sujan? is the Indirect Object (I.O.) of the verb ?gave?. So it is also a Noun.
The word ?pen? is the Direct Object (D.O.) of the verb ?gave?. So it is also a Noun.
The word ?college? is the Object of the Preposition ?at? (P.O.). So it is also a Noun.
The word ?Principal? is used as the ?Noun in Apposition?. So it is also a Noun.

Now we can see how a single verb wreathes so many Nouns together in a Sentence. But if we use an alternative word instead of Noun in any of those places, except ?Noun in Apposition?, the very alternative word will be a Pronoun.
Here it should be noted that Noun and Pronoun are equivalent. A Pronoun is used instead of a Noun. When a word is used instead of a Noun to avoid its repetition is called Pronoun.
Sujan is a good boy. He goes to school regularly.
In first sentence ?Sujan? is the Subject and in the second sentence ?He? is the Subject. But both the word ?Sujan? and ?He? mentioned the same person.
The two words differ only in their form but differ nothing in their application or in their practical functioning.
So, Noun and Pronoun are considered to be the same. According to their usage, in a word, both of them are called Noun Phrase (NP).
You must pay your attention that a word used instead of a Name is not a Pronoun. Rather, a word used instead of a Noun is called a Pronoun. Name and Noun are not the same.
When a Name is used as a Subject or Object or Noun in Apposition is called a Noun. Otherwise no Name is Noun.
?Bangladesh? --- It?s a word and also a Name but not a Noun because it is not yet used in a Sentence. Consequently, it is not a part of any speech or of any sentence. So it is not a Part of Speech at all yet, let alone a Noun.
In the sentence ?Bangladesh team won the match?, ?Bangladesh? is a Part of Speech but not a Noun. Here, ?Bangladesh? is not used as a Subject. It just qualifies or describes the Subject ?team?. So here ?Bangladesh? is an Adjective.
In the same way, in the sentence ?I know John?s father?, ?John?s? is an Adjective.
But in the sentence ?I know his brother too?, the word ?his? is an Adjective too, though ?his? is used instead of a Proper Name ?John?.
So a word used instead of a Name may not be a Pronoun. On the other hand, we can say, ?A word used instead of a Noun must be a Pronoun.
John is my friend and he sings well. In this sentence, both ?John? and ?he? are used as Subjects of the Verbs ?is? and ?sings? respectively and ?he? is used instead of the Noun ?John?. Here, the word ?he? is a Pronoun.
So only being used instead of a Name, a word may not be a Pronoun but a word used instead of a Noun must be a Pronoun. And both a Noun and a Pronoun do the same functioning in sentences. They both are used as a Subject and Object.
  In fact, a Noun is always a naming word but a naming word is not always a Noun if it is not used as a Subject or as an Object.
On the other hand, a Pronoun is the substituting word to the naming word only when used as a Subject or an Object, otherwise not.
A Noun may also be used as a ?Noun in Apposition? but a Pronoun cannot be used in that way. There is no provision of ?Pronoun in Apposition?.
Maybe we are now very much clear about the relation, similarity and difference between a Noun and a Pronoun.
Now, we may come to the point. When a word is used as a Subject or an Object, it must be either a Noun or a Pronoun. But remember that only a Noun can be used as Noun in Apposition?
  Inversely, we can say again, without being a Noun or Pronoun, no word or no other Part of Speech can be used as a subject or as an Object.
So to identify a Noun or a Pronoun or a NP (Noun Phrase), we have to know the Subject and Object.
Let us examine the sentences below:
a)      I like walk. It is an incorrect sentence because ?like? is a Transitive Verb. So ?like? needs an Object.
But the verb ?walk? must not be an Object. To use it as an Object, it must be made into a Noun like ?walking? or ?to walk?.
In ?to walk?, ?to? is not a Preposition because a Preposition never connects a Verb like ?walk?. Here, 'to' is the sign of Infinitive. It will be discussed later.

So the correct sentence will be either ?I like walking? or ?I like to walk?, where both ?walking? and ?to walk? are Noun.
Likewise, ?Walking is good for health? or ?To walk is good for health. Both ?walking? and ?to walk? are Subjects in the two sentences and of course they are Noun.
a)      He stole my pen. Here, the word ?my? must not be a Pronoun because ?my? is not the Object of the Transitive Verb ?stole?.
Here the word ?pen? is the Object and a Noun. ?my? describes or qualifies the Object ?pen?.
So ?my? is an Adjective.
It should be noticed that a possessive form of a Noun or a Pronoun can be used as neither a Subject nor an Object. They are always used as Adjectives.
So ?My have a pen? is never possible, but always ?I have a pen.
Again, we can say that the following words like my, his, your, Rahim?s, our, etc. cannot be used as a Subject or an Object. So we cannot call them Noun or Pronoun. They are used as Adjectives

The words which are used as a Subject or an Object must be either Noun or Pronoun.
Inversely, again a Noun or a Pronoun never does any other functioning except being a Subject or an Object.
One thing should notable here, that out of 8 kinds of Parts of Speech only Verb takes both a Subject and an Object.
Among the rest, only Preposition takes an Object but never a Subject.
So the functions of a Noun and a Pronoun are only to be the Subject, Indirect Object, Direct Object and Prepositional Object. In addition, Noun may be used as the ?Noun in Apposition?.

I think that?s all about Noun and Pronoun.

Thanking all.

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